Since nanoparticles are expected to be not only a single-particle phenomenon but also influenced by particle-particle-turbulence interactions, it is essential to systematically investigate the configurations explored: At the single-particle level, a QbMM formulation will be developed to capture the nanoparticle temporal and spatial evolution in the particle boundary layer. Experimental evidence from LII, Mie scattering, and DBI will provide information on the nanoparticle formation and topologies of the nanoparticle clouds, supporting the formulation and validation of the QbMM model. Coupling the novel QbMM with FR-DNS will provide insights into the dynamics and condensation onto the lobe.

The single-particle scale findings will then be analyzed for their transferability to multi-particle systems. This unravels the influence of particle-particle interactions on nanoparticle formation, dynamics, and size distribution in laminar particle clusters. The novel QbMM will be integrated into the CP-DNS/LES solver, enabling the first nanoparticle study in turbulent aluminum-steam combustion. By understanding the interaction of the turbulent flame with nanoparticles through simulations and tailored experiments, local conditions that favor or minimize nanoparticle formation will be identified. This is key to future technology implementation.